Most of the time, we vote for people to represent us. But sometimes, we vote directly on laws or policies themselves. These are called "ballot measures," and they allow voters to bypass the legislature entirely.
An initiative allows citizens to propose a new law or constitutional amendment. If they gather enough signatures, the proposal is placed on the ballot for a statewide vote.
A referendum allows voters to approve or reject a law that has already been passed by the legislature. Some laws (like state tax changes) automatically require a referendum in certain states.
Ballot measures give voters the power to decide on major issues like minimum wage, healthcare, or environmental protection when they feel their elected officials aren't acting on their behalf.
Ballot measures can often be complex. It is important to read the official voter guide, which includes the full text of the measure and arguments from both supporters and opponents.